Which organism is responsible for Shot Hole in almonds?

The organism responsible for Shot Hole in almonds is Wilsonomyces carpophilus. This fungal pathogen primarily affects stone fruits, including almonds, causing distinctive symptoms such as circular, necrotic holes in leaves, which is why it is referred to as Shot Hole. The lifecycle and environmental conditions that favor this pathogen play a crucial role in its prevalence. Effective management involves understanding its biology, monitoring for symptoms early in the season, and employing appropriate cultural practices and fungicide applications.

The other options represent different pathogens or organisms; for example, Botrytis cinerea is known for causing gray mold in various crops, while Alternaria alternata typically leads to leaf spots. Xylella fastidiosa is a bacterial pathogen associated with a range of diseases in different plants, such as Pierce's disease in grapes. Each of these has distinct symptoms and hosts, underscoring the importance of identifying the correct pathogen for effective disease management in almond cultivation.